Fundamental concepts of mathematical modeling
Modeling is one of the most effective, commonly used tools in engineering and the applied sciences. In this book, the authors deal with mathematical programming models both linear and nonlinear and across a wide range of practical applications.
Whereas other books concentrate on standard methods of analysis, the authors focus on the power of modeling methods for solving practical problems-clearly showing the connection between physical and mathematical realities-while also describing and exploring the main concepts and tools at work. This highly computational coverage includes:
* Discussion and implementation of the GAMS programming system
* Unique coverage of compatibility
* Illustrative examples that showcase the connection between model and reality
* Practical problems covering a wide range of scientific disciplines, as well as hundreds of examples and end-of-chapter exercises
* Real-world applications to probability and statistics, electrical engineering, transportation systems, and more
Building and Solving Mathematical Programming Models in Engineering and Science is practically suited for use as a professional reference for mathematicians, engineers, and applied or industrial scientists, while also tutorial and illustrative enough for advanced students in mathematics or engineering.
Cutting-edge solutions to current problems in orthopedics, supported by modeling and numerical analysis Despite the current successful methods and achievements of good joint implantations, it is essential to further optimize the shape of implants so they may better resist extreme long-term mechanical demands. This book provides the orthopedic, biomechanical, and mathematical basis for the simulation of surgical techniques in orthopedics. It focuses on the numerical modeling of total human joint replacements and simulation of their functions, along with the rigorous biomechanics of human joints and other skeletal parts. The book includes: An introduction to the anatomy and biomechanics of the human skeleton, biomaterials, and problems of alloarthroplasty The definition of selected simulated orthopedic problems Constructions of mathematical model problems of the biomechanics of the human skeleton and its parts Replacement parts of the human skeleton and corresponding mathematical model problems Detailed mathematical analyses of mathematical models based on functional analysis and finite element methods Biomechanical analyses of particular parts of the human skeleton, joints, and corresponding replacements A discussion of the problems of data processing from nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and computer tomography This timely book offers a wealth of information on the current research in this field. The theories presented are applied to specific problems of orthopedics. Numerical results are presented and discussed from both biomechanical and orthopedic points of view and treatment methods are also briefly addressed. Emphasis is placed on the variational approach to the investigated model problems while preserving the orthopedic nature of the investigated problems. The book also presents a study of algorithmic procedures based on these simulation models. This is a highly useful tool for designers, researchers, and manufacturers of joint implants who require the results of suggested experiments to improve existing shapes or to design new shapes. It also benefits graduate students in orthopedics, biomechanics, and applied mathematics.
An in-depth look at current issues, new research findings, andinterdisciplinary exchange in survey methodology andprocessing
Survey Measurement and Process Quality extends the marriage oftraditional survey issues and continuous quality improvementfurther than any other contemporary volume. It documents thecurrent state of the field, reports new research findings, andpromotes interdisciplinary exchange in questionnaire design, datacollection, data processing, quality assessment, and effects oferrors on estimation and analysis.
The book's five sections discuss a broad range of issues and topicsin each of five major areas, including
* Questionnaire design--conceptualization, design of rating scalesfor effective measurement, self-administered questionnaires, andmore
* Data collection--new technology, interviewer effects, interviewmode, children as respondents
* Post-survey processing and operations--modeling of classificationoperations, coding based on such systems, editing, integratingprocesses
* Quality assessment and control--total quality management,developing current best methods, service quality, quality effortsacross organizations
* Effects of misclassification on estimation, analysis, andinterpretation--misclassification and other measurement errors, newvariance estimators that account for measurement error, estimatorsof nonsampling error components in interview surveys
Survey Measurement and Process Quality is an indispensable resourcefor survey practitioners and managers as well as an excellentsupplemental text for undergraduate and graduate courses andspecial seminars.
Leading experts present the latest technology and applications in adaptive optics for vision science
Featuring contributions from the foremost researchers in the field, Adaptive Optics for Vision Science is the first book devoted entirely to providing the fundamentals of adaptive optics along with its practical applications in vision science. The material for this book stems from collaborations fostered by the Center for Adaptive Optics, a consortium of more than thirty universities, government laboratories, and corporations.
Although the book is written primarily for researchers in vision science and ophthalmology, the field of adaptive optics has strong roots in astronomy. Researchers in both fields share this technology and, for this reason, the book includes chapters by both astronomers and vision scientists.
Following the introduction, chapters are divided into the following sections:
* Wavefront Measurement and Correction
* Retinal Imaging Applications
* Vision Correction Applications
* Design Examples
Readers will discover the remarkable proliferation of new applications of wavefront-related technologies developed for the human eye. For example, the book explores how wavefront sensors offer the promise of a new generation of vision correction methods that can deal with higher order aberrations beyond defocus and astigmatism, and how adaptive optics can produce images of the living retina with unprecedented resolution.
An appendix includes the Optical Society of America's Standards for Reporting Optical Aberrations. A glossary of terms and a symbol table are also included.
Adaptive Optics for Vision Science arms engineers, scientists, clinicians, and students with the basic concepts, engineering tools, and techniques needed to master adaptive optics applications in vision science and ophthalmology. Moreover, readers will discover the latest thinking and findings from the leading innovators in the field.
The definitive resource for survey questionnaire testing and evaluation Over the past two decades, methods for the development, evaluation, and testing of survey questionnaires have undergone radical change. Research has now begun to identify the strengths and weaknesses of various testing and evaluation methods, as well as to estimate the methods' reliability and validity. Expanding and adding to the research presented at the International Conference on Questionnaire Development, Evaluation and Testing Methods, this title presents the most up-to-date knowledge in this burgeoning field. The only book dedicated to the evaluation and testing of survey questionnaires, this practical reference work brings together the expertise of over fifty leading, international researchers from a broad range of fields. The volume is divided into seven sections: Cognitive interviews Mode of administration Supplements to conventional pretests Special populations Experiments Multi-method applications Statistical modeling Comprehensive and carefully edited, this groundbreaking text offers researchers a solid foundation in the latest developments in testing and evaluating survey questionnaires, as well as a thorough introduction to emerging techniques and technologies.
This series provides the chemical physics field with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Volume 130 in the series continues to report recent advances with significant, up-to-date chapters by internationally recognized researchers.
Complex mathematical and computational models are used in all areas of society and technology and yet model based science is increasingly contested or refuted, especially when models are applied to controversial themes in domains such as health, the environment or the economy. More stringent standards of proofs are demanded from model-based numbers, especially when these numbers represent potential financial losses, threats to human health or the state of the environment. Quantitative sensitivity analysis is generally agreed to be one such standard. Mathematical models are good at mapping assumptions into inferences. A modeller makes assumptions about laws pertaining to the system, about its status and a plethora of other, often arcane, system variables and internal model settings. To what extent can we rely on the model-based inference when most of these assumptions are fraught with uncertainties? Global Sensitivity Analysis offers an accessible treatment of such problems via quantitative sensitivity analysis, beginning with the first principles and guiding the reader through the full range of recommended practices with a rich set of solved exercises. The text explains the motivation for sensitivity analysis, reviews the required statistical concepts, and provides a guide to potential applications. The book: Provides a self-contained treatment of the subject, allowing readers to learn and practice global sensitivity analysis without further materials. Presents ways to frame the analysis, interpret its results, and avoid potential pitfalls. Features numerous exercises and solved problems to help illustrate the applications. Is authored by leading sensitivity analysis practitioners, combining a range of disciplinary backgrounds. Postgraduate students and practitioners in a wide range of subjects, including statistics, mathematics, engineering, physics, chemistry, environmental sciences, biology, toxicology, actuarial sciences, and econometrics will find much of use here. This book will prove equally valuable to engineers working on risk analysis and to financial analysts concerned with pricing and hedging.
Metal- and metalloid-containing macromolecules are defined as large molecules (i.e., polymers, DNA, proteins) that contain a metal or metalloid group affiliated with the molecule. The first volume in this series consists of a number of reviews of the field, to give the reader a background to build upon. Compiled by an all-star cast of macromolecular experts, this guide: Provides useful descriptions of applications for the reader to apply in his/her research into materials, polymers, and medicine/drug development. Covers non-linear optical materials, speciality magnetic materials, liquid crystals, anticancer and antiviral drugs, treatment of arthritis, antibacterial drugs, antifouling materials, treatment of certain vitamin deficiencies, electrical conductors and semiconductors, piezoelectronic materials, electrodes, UV absorption applications, super-strength materials, special lubricants and gaskets, selective catalytic and multisite catalytic agents.
Discover innovative tools that pave the way from circuit and physical design to fabrication processing Nano-CMOS Design for Manufacturability examines the challenges that design engineers face in the nano-scaled era, such as exacerbated effects and the proven design for manufacturability (DFM) methodology in the midst of increasing variability and design process interactions. In addition to discussing the difficulties brought on by the continued dimensional scaling in conformance with Moore's law, the authors also tackle complex issues in the design process to overcome the difficulties, including the use of a functional first silicon to support a predictable product ramp. Moreover, they introduce several emerging concepts, including stress proximity effects, contour-based extraction, and design process interactions. This book is the sequel to Nano-CMOS Circuit and Physical Design, taking design to technology nodes beyond 65nm geometries. It is divided into three parts: Part One, Newly Exacerbated Effects, introduces the newly exacerbated effects that require designers' attention, beginning with a discussion of the lithography aspects of DFM, followed by the impact of layout on transistor performance Part Two, Design Solutions, examines how to mitigate the impact of process effects, discussing the methodology needed to make sub-wavelength patterning technology work in manufacturing, as well as design solutions to deal with signal, power integrity, WELL, stress proximity effects, and process variability Part Three, The Road to DFM, describes new tools needed to support DFM efforts, including an auto-correction tool capable of fixing the layout of cells with multiple optimization goals, followed by a look ahead into the future of DFM Throughout the book, real-world examples simplify complex concepts, helping readers see how they can successfully handle projects on Nano-CMOS nodes. It provides a bridge that allows engineers to go from physical and circuit design to fabrication processing and, in short, make designs that are not only functional, but that also meet power and performance goals within the design schedule.
Treating individuals with a substance misuse problem can be challenging, especially if clients present with multiple problems related to the main addiction. Clinicians can feel at a loss as to where to begin, or revert to an attempt to treat underlying problems - ignoring damaging aspects of the substance misuse itself. At times referral to specialists may seem the only responsible way forward. Written by a team of clinical academics in the field of addictions, Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy in the Treatment of Addictions is a ready reference for clinicians that offers a brief, evidence-based, collaborative approach that starts here and now. Client and therapist embark together on a journey to tackle the problem in a practical way. The book includes session tools, worksheets and daily thought records.
The new science of nutrigenomics and its ethical and societal challenges
Gene-diet interactions--which underlie relatively benign lactose intolerance to life-threatening conditions such as cardiovascular disease--have long been known. But until now, scientists lacked the tools to fully understand the underlying mechanisms that cause these conditions. In recent years, however, strides in human genomics and the nutritional sciences have allowed for the advancement of a new science--dubbed nutrigenomics. Although this science may lead to personalized nutrition and dietary recommendations that can mitigate, prevent, or cure sickness, current oversight mechanisms and regulations for emerging direct-to-public nutrigenomic tests are still in their infancy.
Science, Society, and the Supermarket: The Opportunities and Challenges of Nutrigenomics discusses the many ethical, legal, and social challenges presented by nutrigenomics. Concerning itself with the basic uses of nutrigenomic research as well as its clinical and commercial aspects, this text sheds light on such issues as:
* Opportunities and challenges for nutrigenomics
* The science of nutrigenomics
* The ethics of nutrigenomic tests and information both in a clinical setting and by private third parties
* Alternatives for nutrigenomics service delivery
* Nutrigenomics and the regulation of health claims for foods and drugs
* Equity and access to nutrigenomics in industrialized and developing countries
* Intellectual property issues
By taking a proactive bioethical stance on the subject, Science, Society, and the Supermarket offers a thorough and timely analysis on both the benefits and risks of nutrigenomics. Along with a thought-provoking examination of the issues, this book provides ethical guidelines and recommendations for further study in policy and regulatory development.
A complete and comprehensive collaboration providing insight on future approaches to telephone survey methodology Over the past fifteen years, advances in technology have transformed the field of survey methodology, from how interviews are conducted to the management and analysis of compiled data. Advances in Telephone Survey Methodology is an all-encompassing and authoritative resource that presents a theoretical, methodological, and statistical treatment of current practices while also establishing a discussion on how state-of-the-art developments in telecommunications have and will continue to revolutionize the telephone survey process. Seventy-five prominent international researchers and practitioners from government, academic, and private sectors have collaborated on this pioneering volume to discuss basic survey techniques and introduce the future directions of the telephone survey. Concepts and findings are organized in four parts-sampling and estimation, data collection, operations, and nonresponse-equipping the reader with the needed practical applications to approach issues such as choice of target population, sample design, questionnaire construction, interviewing training, and measurement error. The book also introduces important topics that have been overlooked in previous literature, including: The impact of mobile telephones on telephone surveys and the rising presence of mobile-only households worldwide The design and construction of questionnaires using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) software The emerging use of wireless communication and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) versus the telephone Methods for measuring and improving interviewer performance and productivity Privacy, confidentiality, and respondent burden as main factors in telephone survey nonresponse Procedures for the adjustment of nonresponse in telephone surveys In-depth reviews of the literature presented along with a full bibliography, assembled from references throughout the world Advances in Telephone Survey Methodology is an indispensable reference for survey researchers and practitioners in almost any discipline involving research methods such as sociology, social psychology, survey methodology, and statistics. This book also serves as an excellent text for courses and seminars on survey methods at the undergraduate and graduate levels.
Metal- and metalloid-containing macromolecules are defined as large molecules (i.e., polymers, DNA, proteins) that contain a metal or metalloid group affiliated with the molecule. Compiled by an all-star cast of macromolecular experts, Macromolecules Containing Metal and Metal-Like Elements, Volume 2, Organoiron-Containing Polymers: Provides useful descriptions of applications for the reader to apply in his/her research into materials, polymers, and medicine/drug development. Covers non-linear optical materials, speciality magnetic materials, liquid crystals, anticancer and antiviral drugs, treatment of arthritis, antibacterial drugs, antifouling materials, treatment of certain vitamin deficiencies, electrical conductors and semiconductors, piezoelectronic materials, electrodes, UV absorption applications, super-strength materials, special lubricants and gaskets, selective catalytic and multisite catalytic agents.
Brings together techniques for the design and analysis of comparative studies. Methods include multivariate matching, standardization and stratification, analysis of covariance, logit analysis, and log linear analysis. Quantitatively assesses techniques' effectiveness in reducing bias. Discusses hypothesis testing, survival analysis, repeated measure design, and causal inference from comparative studies.
Metal and metalloid-containing compounds exhibit a wide range of biological and biocidal activities, some of which have been employed in medicines and drugs. Polymers containing metal or metalloid functions become a natural extension of this effort; just as organic compound drugs have been chemically bound to polymers or physically imbibed into polymer matrices in order to provide a variety of useful advantages, the same opportunities exist for using metal and metalloid species. This volume will cover important biomedical applications of organometallic compounds, including metal-labeled DNA on surfaces, artificial metallo-DNA, organotin molecules as anti-cancer drugs, and much more.
* Provides useful descriptions of biomedical applications for the reader to apply in his/her research into materials, polymers, and medicine/drug development.
* Edited by high-quality team of macromolecular experts from around the world
Providing information on the main approaches for the analysis of metabolites, this textbook: Covers basic methodologies in sample preparation and separation techniques, as well as the most recent techniques of mass spectrometry. Differentiates between primary and secondary metabolites. Includes four chapters discussing successful metabolome studies of different organisms. Highlights the analytical challenges of studying metabolites. Illustrates applications of metabolome analysis through the use of case studies.
Emphasizing effective, state-of-the art methodology and written by recognized experts in the field, the Handbook of Food Analytical Chemistry is an indispensable reference for food scientists and technologists to enable successful analysis.
* Provides detailed reports on experimental procedures
* Includes sections on background theory and troubleshooting
* Emphasizes effective, state-of-the art methodology, written by recognized experts in the field
* Includes detailed instructions with annotated advisory comments, key references with annotation, time considerations and anticipated results
Few things should go together better than psychology and law - and few things are getting together less successfully. Edited by four psychologists and a lawyer, and drawing on contributions from Europe, the USA and Australia, Applying Psychology to Criminal Justice argues that psychology should be applied more widely within the criminal justice system. Contributors develop the case for successfully applying psychology to justice by providing a rich range of applicable examples for development now and in the future. Readers are encouraged to challenge the limited ambition and imagination of psychology and law by examining how insights in areas such as offender cognition and decision-making under pressure might inform future investigation and analysis.
